Have you ever heard it said that goldfish have a memory-span of only three seconds? That could not be further from the truth!
Goldfish have both associative learning abilities and social learning skills. They can distinguish between individual humans and will sometimes hide from strangers.
When they get used to seeing the same human on a daily basis, they stop considering that person as a threat and will even swim towards him/her, or swim to the surface mouthing for food.
Over time, goldfish will associate their owner with food and will start ‘begging’ whenever their owner comes near the tank. After several weeks or months, it will become possible to hand feed your fish without it being startled.
Besides the fact that they have a memory-span of at least three months, they can also distinguish between different shapes and sounds. They can also distinguish between four different colors: Red, green, blue and ultraviolet. Through the use of positive reinforcement, goldfish can be trained to recognize light signals of different colors, and can even be trained to do tricks! Positive reinforcement means that if you give your goldfish a treat after doing a trick, it is more likely that it would want to repeat that behavior.
The duration of the short term memory in humans, thought, is believed to be only a few seconds...
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